Intervention Programme Based on Self-Determination Theory to Promote Extracurricular Physical Activity through Physical Education in Primary School: A Study Protocol.

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a concern among students, producing negative physical, health and mental consequences. This study aims to present a protocol intervention in physical education (PE) based on self-determination theory (SDT) to enhance students' motivation towards performing PA and increasing their PA levels in their leisure time. This protocol is a convenience study with two allocation arms (intervention group versus control group). SDT-based motivational strategies will be carried out and co-created with PE teachers to increase motivation and out-of-school PA levels. Data collection will be conducted three times: before the intervention, after the intervention (four months after baseline) and at the end of the intervention (retention measurement, seven months after baseline). The measures will assess perceived teacher support for PA, motivation towards PA, intention to be physically active, PA levels, engagement in PE and academic performance. Overall, this intervention programme is expected to increase students' autonomous motivation for PA and their PA levels in their free time. This intervention might encourage teachers to establish strategies and resources to increase their students' adaptive outcomes.

Development, Validation, and Measurement Invariance of the Body Image Bidimensional Assessment (BIBA) in Italian and Spanish Children and Early Adolescent Samples.

Body dissatisfaction (BD) is an important public health issue as it negatively influences the physical and psychosocial wellbeing of children/early adolescents. Available measures of BD for this population are scarce, have a significant bias, or only evaluate weight-related dissatisfaction. This study, through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), aims to develop and validate the Italian (Study 1) and Spanish (Study 2) versions of a new tool, the Body Image Bidimensional Assessment (BIBA), which is not subject to sex-age-race biases and is able to identify BD related to weight and height among children/early adolescents. Study 3 regards the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), testing the measurement of invariance across sex and country. The BIBA has a two-factor structure (i.e., weight and height dissatisfaction) according to studies 1 and 2. McDonald's ω ranged from 0.73 (weight) and 0.72 (height) with good reliability. CFA confirmed the two-factor model as a good fit for the Italian and Spanish samples. Finally, partial metric and scalar invariance of the BIBA dimensions across sexes and nations emerged. The BIBA has proven to be an easy-to-use tool that identifies two BD dimensions among children/early adolescents who could benefit from prompt educational interventions.

The Mediating Role of Motivational Regulation on the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with Physical Activity in Spanish Schoolchildren.

The present study aimed to analyze the mediating role of different types of motivational regulations in the relationship established between emotional intelligence and physical activity. Participants were 431 secondary school students aged 12 to 16 years, 51.5% females (13.59 ± 1.03 years) and 48.5% males (13.50 ± 0.94 years), who completed a self-reported questionnaire of emotional intelligence, motivation and physical activity. The results showed a statistically significant positive association between emotional intelligence, physical activity, and more self-determined forms of motivation (intrinsic regulation, identified regulation and introjected regulation) (p < 0.05). Several mediation models were also presented that confirmed the mediating value of the more self-determined motivational regulations in the association established between emotional intelligence and physical activity, with the indirect effects being significant for intrinsic regulation, identified regulation, and introjected regulation (p < 0.05). Finally, we conclude on the importance of the management of emotions in order to propitiate a suitable motivational state that leads to physical activity. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of emotional intelligence for the practice of different forms of physical activity in young people.

Analysis of Variables That Influence the Walkability of School Environments Based on the Delphi Method.

Walkability is determined the presence or absence of factors such as quality sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, traffic, etc. The ability to walk to the school environment may be one of the variables that promotes active commuting levels. The aim of this study was to examine the walkability of school environments using the Delphi method. This study used the Delphi method to measure the walkability. A total of 18 experts were selected. First, a list of variables was designed by the control group and sent three times to the experts. Later, the items were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to test the consensus of the experts. The list of variables that influence walkability showed a good consensus among the experts at the end of the process. This list was formed by 48 items and organized in six factors: traffic and safety (eleven items), signage (eight items), sidewalk (ten items), transport consistency (five items), activity (five items), and finally, urban planning (nine items). The experts agreed on the need to analyze the environments of educational centers and measure the variables that affect walkability. This study has identified the most important barriers. In the future, a measurement instrument should be developed that allows centers to be compared with others in terms of their levels of walkability. Moreover, it might be a resource for more policies to be developed with the aim to promote active commuting to school.

The Predictive Role of Perceived Autonomy Support in Elementary School Children Physical Activity.

The present article aimed to test a predictive model based on children's perception of autonomy support exercised by their physical education teachers in establishing a state of high motivational quality, which in turn leads to greater intention and physical activity. Participants were 502 elementary school students aged 9 to 11 years (52.59% males (9.47 ± 0.53 years old) and 47.41% females (9.54 ± 0.53 years old)), who completed a self-reported questionnaire of perceived autonomy support from physical education teachers, self-determination, intention to be physically active, and physical activity. Results showed that perceived autonomy support was positively related to autonomous motivation, which in turn was associated with intention and physical activity. In addition, the model did not present variations with respect to gender and confirmed the indirect effects of autonomous motivation on intention and practice of physical activity. Finally, we conclude on the importance of an adequate perception of autonomy support in students by their teachers for the establishment of an appropriate motivational state that could promote greater intention and physical activity. Thus, the motivational state acquired in physical education classes can be translated into intention and practice of physical activity in different contexts of students' daily lives.

Does coaches' satisfaction with the team determine their interpersonal style? The mediating role of basic psychological needs.

The purpose of the present study was to examine how coaches' satisfaction with the team could be related to their reported interpersonal style towards young athletes, and to analyze the mediating role of basic psychological needs (i.e. need satisfaction and need frustration) in this relationship. Participants were 352 coaches (16-67 years old; Mage = 32.88, SD = 11.14) from 48 clubs, who had between 1 and 52 years of training experience (M = 23.23, SD = 15.02). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the relationships between variables. Results showed that satisfaction with the team is positively related to coaches' need satisfaction, and negatively to their need frustration. Need satisfaction positively predicted coaches' need-supportive style, and need frustration predicted their need-thwarting style. Regarding indirect effects, need satisfaction positively mediated the relationship between coaches' satisfaction with the team and their need-supportive style, and need frustration negatively mediated the relationship between coaches' satisfaction with the team and their need-thwarting style. These findings are a first step to highlight satisfaction with the team as an antecedent of coaches' self-reported need-supportive and need-thwarting behaviours towards athletes, and the mediating role of coaches' psychological needs (need satisfaction and need frustration) in this relationship.HighlightsWe examined the satisfaction of the team as antecedent of coaches' interpersonal style.We tested the mediating role of coaches' psychological needs in this relationship.Satisfaction with the team was positively related to need-supportive style.Satisfaction with the team was negatively associated with need-thwarting behaviors.Coaches' psychological needs mediated the relationship between team satisfaction and their interpersonal style.

The Role of Physical Activity in the Relationship between Satisfaction with Life and Health-Related Quality of Life in School-Age Adolescents.

(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical stage in the development of healthy habits. In this regard, physical activity has emerged as a useful tool to improve satisfaction with life and health-related quality of life in adolescents. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between satisfaction with life and health-related quality of life in adolescent boys and girls. Also, we aimed to investigate the differences between sexes in the HRQoL, physical activity level, and satisfaction with life. (2) Methods: A total of 297 adolescents, ranging in age from 11 to 12 years (11.46 ± 1.63), participated in this cross-sectional study. The Satisfaction with life scale, Physical activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were employed. (3) Results: The estimated indirect effect showed that physical activity level was a mediator of the positive effect of satisfaction with life on health-related quality of life (ß = 0.105, 95% CI = 0.031; 0.202). However, the index of moderated mediation showed that sex is not a significant moderator of the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between satisfaction with life and HRQoL (ß = -0.033, 95% CI = -0.023, 0.136). Furthermore, significant differences in satisfaction with life were found, with girls manifesting lower values (p-value = 0.026). (4) Conclusion: This study shows the importance of physical activity during adolescence and the association of this behavior with the health-related quality of life of adolescents.

Physical Activity and Quality of Life in High School Students: Proposals for Improving the Self-Concept in Physical Education.

Adolescence is a critical period for the acquisition of health-related behaviors that will transcend later psychological well-being in adulthood. The present study presents a theoretical model whose objective is to analyze how physical activity predicts an adequate quality of life through self-concept and subjective happiness among adolescents. A total of 452 students aged 12 to 15 (M = 13.8; SD = 0.77) from four Compulsory Secondary Education institutes of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura participated, including boys (n = 258) and girls (n = 194). The students reported information on the following variables: physical activity, body mass index, self-concept, subjective happiness, and quality of life. The results show acceptable fit indices for the proposed theoretical model, which showed the importance of physical activity through self-concept and subjective happiness in quality of life: MRLχ2 = 67.533, p < 0.05, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, and RMSA = 0.07. Likewise, the model presented a better fit index for males than females. This study draws conclusions on the importance of physical activity as a predictor of quality of life mediated by the perception of self-concept and mood in adolescents.

Health Promotion through Movement Behaviors and Its Relationship with Quality of Life in Spanish High School Adolescents: A Predictive Study.

A growing number of studies have highlighted the health benefits of high physical activity, low screen time, and optimal sleep duration among school-age children and adolescents. Objective: The present study proposes to examine the individual and combined association between movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep time) and quality of life in boys and girls. Method: A total of 319 Spanish primary and secondary school students participated in the study. Physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, and quality of life were evaluated. Results: Descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses were carried out in order to improve knowledge about health-related behaviors for all participants. The results found significant positive associations between physical activities and sleep time with quality of life. Finally, the regression models showed that physical activity scores predict quality of life, especially in children. It is concluded that movement behaviors are important in association with quality of life. Likewise, the impact of physical activity on the quality of life is highlighted as the main behavior in the prediction of the quality of life for a population of school adolescents.

Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea e importancia de la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla en los adolescentes extremeños de enseñanza secundaria / Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and importance in the physical activity and screen time in High School adolescents from Extremadura (Spain)

INTRODUCCIÓN: en España, un tercio de los jóvenes de 7 a 14 años de edad tienen sobrepeso y obesidad. Los comportamientos relacionados con la salud, como un alto nivel de actividad física, un tiempo de pantalla bajo y una buena alimentación, pueden prevenir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los jóvenes. OBJETIVOS: conocer la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la calidad del patrón alimentario de los adolescentes extremeños. MÉTODO: la presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 1566 adolescentes de 12 a 14 años: 857 chicos (13,12 ± 0,89) y 709 chicas (13,05 ± 0,82). La actividad física se registró a través del cuestionario de actividad física para adolescentes. El tiempo de pantalla se analizó mediante el cuestionario de comportamiento sedentario en el tiempo libre para jóvenes. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se calculó mediante el cuestionario KIDMED. RESULTADOS: el 24,5 % de los adolescentes reportaron tener una buena adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Los escolares con menor edad (p < 0,001) presentaron un patrón de alimentación mejor, sin diferir entre géneros ni índices de masa corporal. Los estudiantes que cumplían las recomendaciones de actividad física y tiempo de pantalla presentaron una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mayor (p < 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los adolescentes necesitaban mejorar su patrón alimentario. Los participantes que cumplían las recomendaciones de actividad física y tiempo de pantalla presentaron una mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea

INTRODUCTION: in Spain, one third of the young people from 7 to 14 years of age are overweight or obese. Health-related behaviors such as a high level of physical activity, low screen time, and good eating habits can prevent overweight and obesity in young people. OBJECTIVES: to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of food pattern in an adolescent sample from Extremadura (Spain). METHOD: the present research is a cross-sectional, descriptive study in 1566 adolescents aged 12-14 years, 857 boys (13.12 ± 0.89) and 709 girls (13.05 ± 0.82). Physical activity was measured through the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A). Screen time was analyzed through the youth leisure-time sedentary behaviour questionnaire (YLSBQ). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated using the KIDMED questionnaire. RESULTS: 24.5 % of adolescents reported having good adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The youngest schoolchildren (p < 0.001) had a better eating pattern, with no difference between genders or body mass indices. Students who met recommendations for physical activity and screen time had greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: results showed that most children and adolescents needed to improve their eating pattern. Participants who met the recommendations for physical activity and screen time showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and academic performance in adolescents: Does BMI status moderate this association?

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a critical period for neurodevelopment, it is characterised by the establishment of behavioural patterns that can affect children's physical, mental and cognitive health, both immediately and later in life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present research was to examine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) and academic performance, as well as to analyze the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) status in this relationship. METHODS: This cross-sectional study had a total 1290 adolescents (13.07 ± 0.82 years old, 714 boys and 576 girls) aged 12-14 years were included in this study. Adherence to the MeD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index. Academic performance was assessed through school records using four subjects: language, mathematics, English and grade point average (GPA). RESULTS: Results showed a positive association between adherence to the MeD and all academic indicators after adjusting for potential confounders (ß ranging from 0.165 to 0.213, all p < 0.001). The group of good adherence to the MeD had significantly higher scores in all the academic indicators compared with the poor/average group (p < 0.01). No interaction was found between BMI status and adherence to MeD in relation to academic indicators (all p > 0.340). These differences remained significant for both normal weight and overweight/obesity groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that adherence to the MeD may be positively associated academic performance on adolescents regardless, of BMI status.

Validation of the body image dimensional assessment in adolescents from Spanish high school.

INTRODUCTION: There are not many valid instruments to quickly and easily identify body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Most studies have used the Stunkard Rating Scale to assess body image. Nevertheless, this scale has been described as too abrupt and crude for adolescents. AIM: Was to validate the body image dimensional assessment (BIDA) questionnaire in a sample of adolescents from Secondary schools of Spain. METHOD: The BIDA consists of four items to answer with reference to a series of four silhouettes using a numeric scale that allows the quantification of the degree of body dissatisfaction (BD), sexual body dissatisfaction (SxBD), comparative body dissatisfaction (CBD) and the calculation of the final body dissatisfaction index (BDIndex). The sample included 2059 adolescents, 1132 males and 929 females aged 13.10 ± 0.89. Participants answered the BIDA and then their anthropometrics measurements were taken. RESULTS: Reliability test, a convergent test and confirmatory factorial analysis were conducted to validate BIDA instrument. A single factor structure emerged from confirmatory factorial analysis; the BIDA demonstrated adequate internal consistency in adolescents: (CFI > 0.90, TLI > 0.90, α > 0.80). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) emerged between the BIDA indices and all the anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS: The BIDA questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate body dissatisfaction in Spanish adolescents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive study.

[Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and importance in the physical activity and screen time in High School adolescents from Extremadura (Spain)]. / Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea e importancia de la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla en los adolescentes extremeños de enseñanza secundaria.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: in Spain, one third of young people from 7 to 14 years of age are overweight or obese. Health-related behaviors such as a high level of physical activity, low screen time, and good eating habits can prevent overweight and obesity in young people. Objectives: to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of food pattern in an adolescent sample from Extremadura (Spain). Method: the present research is a cross-sectional, descriptive study in 1566 adolescents aged 12-14 years, 857 boys (13.12 ± 0.89) and 709 girls (13.05 ± 0.82). Physical activity was measured through the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A). Screen time was analyzed through the youth leisure-time sedentary behaviour questionnaire (YLSBQ). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated using the KIDMED questionnaire. Results: 24.5 % of adolescents reported having good adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The youngest schoolchildren (p < 0.001) had a better eating pattern, with no difference between genders or body mass indices. Students who met recommendations for physical activity and screen time had greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.01). Conclusions: results showed that most children and adolescents needed to improve their eating pattern. Participants who met the recommendations for physical activity and screen time showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en España, un tercio de los jóvenes de 7 a 14 años de edad tienen sobrepeso y obesidad. Los comportamientos relacionados con la salud, como un alto nivel de actividad física, un tiempo de pantalla bajo y una buena alimentación, pueden prevenir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los jóvenes. Objetivos: conocer la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la calidad del patrón alimentario de los adolescentes extremeños. Método: la presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 1566 adolescentes de 12 a 14 años: 857 chicos (13,12 ± 0,89) y 709 chicas (13,05 ± 0,82). La actividad física se registró a través del cuestionario de actividad física para adolescentes. El tiempo de pantalla se analizó mediante el cuestionario de comportamiento sedentario en el tiempo libre para jóvenes. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se calculó mediante el cuestionario KIDMED. Resultados: el 24,5 % de los adolescentes reportaron tener una buena adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Los escolares con menor edad (p < 0,001) presentaron un patrón de alimentación mejor, sin diferir entre géneros ni índices de masa corporal. Los estudiantes que cumplían las recomendaciones de actividad física y tiempo de pantalla presentaron una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mayor (p < 0,01). Conclusiones: los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los adolescentes necesitaban mejorar su patrón alimentario. Los participantes que cumplían las recomendaciones de actividad física y tiempo de pantalla presentaron una mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea.

Relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes / The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and the Physical Activity Level in Adolescents / Relação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal e o nível de atividade física em adolescentes

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) percibido y la actividad física (AF) en adolescentes. Método. Participaron 605 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 15 años. Se valoraron las variables percibidas para el peso, la altura y el nivel de AF mediante un cuestionario autoinformado. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el IMC percibido y el nivel de AF. El análisis de regresión mostró que el IMC percibido sirve para predecir el nivel de AF. El análisis de la covarianza demostró la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad frente a los normopeso. Conclusión. Se ha demostrado que los adolescentes que realizan menos AF tienen una mayor probabilidad de sufrir sobrepeso y obesidad.

Abstract Objective. The objective of this research is to analyse the relationship between the perceived body mass index and physical activity in adolescents. Method. A total of 605 adolescent students between 12 and 15 years old participated. The variables for perceived weight, height and physical activity level were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Results. The results showed significant associations between the perceived body mass index and the physical activity level. The regression analysis showed that the perceived body mass index serves to predict the physical activity level. The analysis of covariance, demonstrated the existence of significant differences between overweight and obese adolescents versus those of normal weight. Conclusion. It has been shown that adolescents who perform less PA are more likely to be overweight.

Resumo Escopo. Analisar a relação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) percebido e a atividade física (AF) em adolescentes. Metodologia. Participaram 605 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos. Foram valoradas as variáveis percebidas para o peso, a altura e o nível de AF através de um questionário auto informado. Resultados. Foram achadas associações significativas entre o IMC percebido e o nível de AF. A Análise de regressão mostrou que o IMC percebido serve para predizer o nível de AF. A análise da covariância demostrou a existência de diferenças significativas entre os adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade frente aos normopeso. Conclusão. Foi demostrado que os adolescentes que realizam menos AF têm uma maior probabilidade de sofrer sobrepeso e obesidade.

Relationship between the average slope in the active commuting to and from school and fitness in adolescents: the mediator role of fatness.

Active commuting to and from school (ACS) has been recognized as a potential tool to improve physical fitness. Thus, this study aims to test the relationships between the average slope in the ACS and physical fitness, as well as to verify the mediator role of fatness in the relationship between average slope and physical fitness. A total of 257 participants, 137 boys and 120 girls, from 22 schools belonged to first and second High School grades participated in this study. Based on self-reported measure and Google Earth, participants were grouped into the active commuter (number of trips was ≥5, and the time of the trip was ≥15 min), mixed commuter (number of weekly trips was <5, and the time spent on the trip was <15 min) and passive commuter groups (those who reported traveling regularly by car, motorcycle, or bus). Specifically, in the active commuter group, a positive association between the average slope in the ACS with fatness was found, which in turn was positively related to strength lower limbs and cardiorrespiratory fitness. The average slope was not significantly associated with physical fitness indicators. Furtheremore, fatness did not mediate the relathionship between average slope and physical fitness. This research concluded positive associations between average slope and the body fat in the ACS. The tendency of findings signal that the average slope should be taken into account along with the distance, time and frequency of the active commuting.

The Mediating Role of the Self-Concept Between the Relationship of the Body Satisfaction and the Intention to Be Physically Active in Primary School Students.

The aim was to analyze the extent to which anthropometric values, in line with body image and physical ability, predict physical self-concept, and the latter, in turn, predicts the practice and intention to pursue physical activity. A total of 302 participants, 150 males and 152 females were recruited from different primary schools in Extremadura (Spain). The age of the participants ranges from 10 to 13 years old (M = 11.74; SD = 0.86). The indirect effects of the model showed significant relationship between physical condition (p = 0.001) and PA levels, according to the perception of self-concept [ß = 0.231, 95% BcCI = (0.055, 0.212)]. However, anthropometric variables proved not to be related to any significant extent (p < 0.05). The second level covered the indirect effects between the intention to be physically active and self-concept, which showed a significant relationship between the perception of self-concept (p = 0.000) and the intention to be physically active. Last, the third level showed significant relationships between physical condition (p = 0.001) and the intention to pursue physical activity. The present investigation concluded that physical condition, anthropometric variables, and body image predict the perception of physical self-concept in adolescents. Finally, this article highlights the importance of body image perception, anthropometric values, and physical condition in the intention of being physically active. In addition, it highlights the mediating role of physical self-concept to develop physical activity.

School-based Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to examinemotivational interventions based on physical activity as precursor of psychosocial benefits inside of the scholar context. Method: studies were identified in seven databases (Web of Science, Sport Discuss, Scopus, Eric, Pubmed, Psycinfo and Google Scholar). The search process was from June 2011 to September 2019. A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: 23 studies showed psychological effects after intervention and also 10 studies showed psychosocial effect after the intervention. The rest of the studies, although they presented changes, did not become significant.Conclusions: this systematic review showed the importance of motivational processes for the performance of physical activity and sport as a precursor of psychosocial changesand highlights the importance of strategies and the temporal nature of studies to maintain significant changes over time.Likewise, the study shows the future trend of motivational interventions, highlighting the female gender as participants of special interest, and changing the methodology through web-based interventions and active breaks or mental breaks during traditional subject classes.

Revisión sistemática sobre la efectividad de los programas de actividad física para reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los jóvenes en edad escolar / Systematic review about the effectiveness of physical activity programs to reduce overweight and obesity in school-age youth / Revisão sistemática da eficácia de programas de atividade física para reduzir sobrepeso e obesidade em jovens em idade escolar

El propósito del presente trabajo fue conocer la efectividad de los programas de intervención destinados a disminuir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los jóvenes. Se seleccionaron 266 publicaciones obtenidas mediante la búsqueda en bases de datos: Pubmed (n = 83), Science Direct (n = 2091), Scopus (n = 100) y Web of Science (n = 107). Tras la lectura del resumen y/o texto completo, los estudios seleccionados se redujeron a 21. La edad de los participantes osciló entre los 6 y 16 años. Las conclusiones del estudio fueron que los programas más efectivos fueron aquellos que realizaron dos sesiones semanales de actividad física, con una duración de 45 minutos, a una intensidad moderada y vigorosa

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed to reduce overweight and obesity in young people. A total of 266 publications were selected, obtained by searching the databases: Pubmed (n = 83), Science Direct (n = 2091), Scopus (n = 100) and Web of Science (n = 107). After reading the abstract and full text, the selected studies were reduced 21. The age of the participants ranged from 6 to 16 years. The conclusions of the study were that the most effective programs were those that carried out two weekly sessions of physical activity, lasting 45 minutes, at a moderate and vigorous intensity

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a eficácia dos programas de intervenção que visam reduzir o excesso de peso e a obesidade em jovens. Foram selecionadas 266 publicações, obtidas nas bases de dados: Pubmed (n = 83), Science Direct (n = 2091), Scopus (n = 100) e Web of Science (n = 107). Após a leitura do resumo e do texto completo, os estudos selecionados foram reduzidos a 21. A idade dos participantes variou de 6 a 16 anos. As conclusões do estudo foram de que os programas mais eficazes foram aqueles que realizavam duas sessões semanais de atividade física, com uma duração de 45 minutos, com intensidade moderada e vigorosa

Physical Activity as a Regulatory Variable between Adolescents' Motivational Processes and Satisfaction with Life.

Framed within Self-Determination Theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, levels of motivation, physical activity, and satisfaction with life. METHODS: A total of 487 students participated, comprising males (n = 262) and females (n = 225), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 15.02; SD = 0.87), from different secondary schools. RESULTS: A regression analysis was carried out (structural equation modeling) that revealed the existence of two theoretical lines, one positive and the other negative, where the satisfaction of basic psychological needs was positively related to autonomous motivation and physical activity, which predicted satisfaction with life. On the other hand, the frustration of basic psychological needs was positively related to controlled motivation, whereas controlled motivation (introjected regulation and extrinsic regulation) was inversely associated with physical activity and satisfaction with life. CONCLUSION: The results show the importance of motivational processes in physical activity, and the effects of physical activity on satisfaction with life in adolescents who spend more time engaged in physical activity.